What is the process of processing forgings?

The forging plant needs to have a set of forging plans or procedures before forging, and then use such procedures to forge the required forgings during forging processing. Its specific preparation includes raw material selection, calculation, blanking, heating, calculation of deformation force, selection of equipment, and design of molds. In addition, it is necessary to choose a good lubrication method and lubricant before forging. The materials for forging involve a wide range, including steel and high-temperature alloys of various grades, as well as non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, and copper. As we all know, the quality of products is often closely related to the quality of raw materials.

Therefore, for forging workers, they must have the necessary material knowledge and be good at selecting the most suitable materials according to the process requirements. Then we come to understand the following specific steps of the forging process of the forging factory. Forging Material calculation and blanking are one of the important links to improve material utilization and realize blank refinement. Too much material not only causes waste, but also aggravates cavity wear and energy consumption. If the blanking does not leave a margin, it will increase the difficulty of process adjustment and increase the scrap rate. In addition, the quality of the blanking end face also affects the process and the quality of the forging. The purpose of heating is to reduce forging deformation force and improve metal plasticity. But heating also brings a series of problems, such as oxidation, decarburization, overheating and overburning. Accurate control of the initial forging and final forging temperature has a great influence on the product structure and performance.

Flame furnace heating has the advantages of low cost and strong applicability. However, the heating time is long, oxidation and decarburization are prone to occur, and the working conditions need to be continuously improved. Electric induction heating has the advantages of rapid heating and less oxidation, but it has poor adaptability to product shape, size and material changes. Forging forming is produced under the action of external force, therefore, correct calculation of deformation force is the basis for selecting equipment and checking mold. The stress and strain analysis inside the deformed body is also indispensable for optimizing the process and controlling the structure and performance of the forging. The analysis methods of deformation force are mainly: the principal stress method is not very strict, but it is relatively simple and intuitive. It can calculate the total pressure and the stress distribution on the contact surface of the workpiece and the tool; the slip line method is strict for the plane strain problem. The stress distribution of local deformation is relatively intuitive, but the scope of application is relatively narrow; the upper limit method can give overestimated loads, and the upper limit element can also predict the shape change of the workpiece during deformation; the finite element method can not only give the external load and the change of the workpiece shape, but also The internal stress and strain distribution can be given.

The disadvantage is that the computer time is more, especially when the elastoplastic finite element is used to solve the problem, the computer capacity is relatively large and the computer time is longer. Recently, there is a trend to use joint methods to analyze problems, for example, using the upper limit method for rough calculations and finite element calculations for key parts. Forging Reducing friction can not only save energy, but also increase the life of the mold. Since the deformation is relatively uniform, it helps to improve the structure and performance of the forging product. One of the important measures to reduce friction is to use lubrication. Due to the different forging methods and the difference in working temperature, the lubricants used are also different. Glass lubricants are mostly used for forging of high-temperature alloys and titanium alloys. For hot forging of steel, water-based graphite is a widely used lubricant. For cold forging, due to the high pressure, phosphate or oxalate treatment is often required before forging. This is the process that the forging plant needs to use in the forging process. According to this process, the quality of the forging will be more guaranteed.

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